larger ionization energy / carrier system / equi-energy surface / energy level / kinetic energy / energy conversion efficiency / energyεdecreases / energyε= / energy range / energy ofε= / bipolar device / oscillation energy ranges / constant-energy surface / energyεof / higher energy / equi-energy plane / carrier setting / unipolar device / ionization energy / energy range ofε / mentioned carrier system / lower energy decreases / wide energy range / energy remaining / energy / /